石油实验地质

OCCURRENCE AND CORRELATION OF VARIOUS ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE ORDOS BASIN

Chang Xiangchun, Wang Mingzhen, Guo Haihua

2006, 28(6): 507-510. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606507

Abstract(703) PDF-CN(407)

Abstract:
The Ordos Basin is rich in oil,natural gas,coal,coalbed methane and sandstone-type uranium deposits.Oil pools mainly locate in Triassic and Jurassic in the south.Natural gas vertically situates beneath oil pools in the north.Coal measures are widespread.The margin of the basin is characterized by sandstone-type uranium deposits and abundant in coalbed methane.Geneses of various energy resources have been defined by source investigations.Oil is mainly originated from Mesozoic lacustrine source rocks.Natural gas derives from Upper Paleozoic coal series as well as marine limestones.Coalbed gas is formed during the coalification of coal accumulation centers.Uranium source may be offered by medium-acidic granite and uranium-bearing formation.Timing and formation mechanism of these resources suggest that there are genetic relationships among them,especially the difficulty for Jurassic coal to form commercial oil accumulation,the contributions of coal to natural gas,the supplement of coalbed methane to deep basin gas and the reduction of natural gas to uranium deposits.

SANDSTONE COMPOSITIONS AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC XUJIAHE FORMATION IN THE WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA

Lin Liangbiao, Chen Hongde, Zhai Changbo, Hu Xiaoqiang, Li Junwen

2006, 28(6): 511-517. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606511

Abstract(848) PDF-CN(360)

Abstract:
Based on the sandstone compositions analysis of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Western Sichuan Basin,the authors tried to discuss the paleogeographic evolution of the study area.According to the current stratigraphic division,sandstone-chips were counted and analyzed with the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting method.And the QmFLt & the QpLvLs triangular diagrams were established from Dickinson's research ideas.The triangular QmFLt plot show that sandstone compositions began locating Transitional Recycled Provenance and Lithic Recycled Provenance in the second section of the Xujiahe Formation (T₃x²),and the results were more obvious in the third and fourth sections of the Xujiahe Formation (T₃x³ and T₃x⁴).The triangular QpLvLs plot show that sandstone compositions began locating Fold-Thrust Provenance in the second section (T₃x²),and the results were also more obvious in the third and fourth sections (T₃x³ and T₃x⁴).Combined with sedimentary facies of the Xujiahe Formation in the study area,it was indicated that Longmenshan thrust belt began uplifting and providing the sediment in the second section (T₃x²),and West Sichuan Foreland Basin began developing in the second section (T₃x²);In the third section (T₃x³),the Longmenshan thrust belt took place strongly uplifted and became the primary provenance area.Because of influence by the An'xian movement in the forth section (T₃x⁴),the Longmenshan thrust belt uplifted and became a mountain which really changed the study area into terrestrial sedimentary environment.

DIAGENESIS OF ORDOVICIAN PALEO-KARST RESERVOIR IN THE SULIGE AREA, THE ORDOS BASIN

Wang Baoqing, Zhang Guisong

2006, 28(6): 518-522. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606518

Abstract(724) PDF-CN(262)

Abstract:
The Sulige area is located to the northeast of the ancient central uplift in the Ordos Basin.The main sedimentary environments during Ordovician in the area include under-water uplift and inter-uplift depression as well as inner shelf basin.The Ordovician mainly consists of host carbonate rocks and karst breccias.Dissolution pores are the most important pores,and fractures are important reservoir spaces.Porosity ranges from 0.02% to 16.70%,averaging 2.19%.Permeability ranges from 0.0014×10^-3 to 706.35×10^-3μm²,averaging 1.90×10^-3μm².Diagenesis,which the Ordovician carbonate sediments(rocks) have experienced,includes compaction,dolomitization,cementation,replacement,dissolution and dedolomitization.The slightly lower δ¹⁸O values,higher concentration of Mn and Fe,and obviously lower concentration of Sr for dolomite of whole rocks indicate that the dolomite is influenced by meteoric leaching and burial diagenesis.The δ¹³C values are not low since carbon comes from CaCO₃ of original sediments.The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of dolomite cements are generally lower than those of dolomite of whole rocks,suggesting that the dolomite cement is formed during karstification at epidiagenetic expose phase.The rocks have experienced early diagenesis,epidiagenesis and late diagenesis.Reservoir rocks are characterized with low porosity and permeability,due to weak karstification and deep burial.

PETROLEUM GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PETROLEUM SYSTEM OF TAIWAN STRAIT BASIN

Liu Zhenhu, Wang Yingmin, Deng Anxiong, Gao Hongfang

2006, 28(6): 523-528. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606523

Abstract(1412) PDF-CN(318)

Abstract:
Taiwan Strait Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin suited in Taiwan strait and its neighborhood.The study illustrated that mudstone of tidal flat-lagoon in Paleocene and Eocene,and coaly mudstone of paralic faceies and marine mudstone in Miocene are main source rocks,and sandstones of lower tidal flat in Paleocene and Eocene and dalta sandstone in Miocene are reservoir rocks,and mudstone of Miocene-Quaternary is seal rock.There is significant difference between eastern depression and western depression.The study of petroleum geology suggests that there are two petroleum systems of Paleogene and Miocene in this basin.There is mainly petroleum system of Paleogene in eastern part of this basin that has better potential of petroleum,and there is mainly petroleum system of Miocene in western part of this basin that has good potential of petroleum.

TECTONIC AND SEDIMENTARY FEATURES OF JURASSIC AND PETROLIFEROUS CHARACTER IN THE HEFEI BASIN

Gao Jinhui, Xu Huazheng, Zhou Xinke

2006, 28(6): 529-534. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606529

Abstract(756) PDF-CN(294)

Abstract:
A series of parallel thrusting structural belts and foredeep basins were formed in the Hefei Basin of Mesozoic,affected by different stages compression and thrusting orogenesis of Yanshanian Mvt.1.Foredeep basin had both inheritance and rebirth in different stages,and structural extent gradually diminsh from south to north,then,Molasse formation was formed which was thick in south and thin in north in Jurassic of the Hefei Basin,and sediment of variegation sand-mudstone and gray-black carbonaceous-mudstone and thin coal layer of fluvial-plain marsh facies only grow on marginal slope of different stage basins.As Yangzi geological body thrust and squeeze toward north so as earth temperature is high regionality,and Jurassic accumulate quickly,source rocks of Palaeozoic reached overmature evolution stage during Jurassic in depression ,which is limited in producing hydrocarbon.

ANALYSIS ON THE FORMATION CONDITIONS OF THE BIOGENIC GAS IN YAHU AREA, THE QAIDAM BASIN

Guo Xujie

2006, 28(6): 535-538. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606535

Abstract(757) PDF-CN(341)

Abstract:
The favourable gas-generating condition is the indispensable precondition of biogenic gas formation.The size and composition of source rock as well as the type and abundance of organic matter control the gas-generating ability and intensity of methane bacteria.Yahu area is located in the north of Qaidam Basin.The Well Yashen 1 shows that the thickness of the Upper Tertiary gas source rock is(about) 1 600 meters.The average value of total organic carbon of the dark mudstone is 0.36% and obviously contains tricyclic terpane and pregnane.The kerogen is humic mixed organic type and the source rocks form in weak preducing to weak oxidizing environments with salt water.The R_o value is between 0.4% and 0.5%,showing in the early stage of thermal evolution.Lithologies of mudstone,pelitic siltstone,siltstone and a little sandstone exist in the cross section.The loose fine grain sediments have relatively larger porosity and is in eogenetic stage.These are favorable for bacteria's living and breeding and indicate that the Upper Tertiary dark mudstone in this region have conditions of biogenic gas formation.The biogenic gas exploration in Yahu area have good future.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MESO-CENOZOIC TECTONIC MOVEMENTS IN MARIN PETROLEUM EXPLORATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF CHINA

Fan Xiaolin, Zhai Changbo, Deng Mo

2006, 28(6): 539-543. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606539

Abstract(774) PDF-CN(342)

Abstract:
The Meso-Cenozoic tectonic movements have great influence on present petroleum accumulations in Paleozoic basins in the south of China.The above mentioned movements have caused deformation in Paleozoic basins and controlled basin characteristics and petroleum preserve.Based on the analyses of tectonic deformations in the west and northeast of Sichuan as well as the west of Hu'nan and Hubei,the Paleozoic "parautochthonous petroleum system" in the lower plate of nappe is the main exploration target in the piedmont of Longmen Mountain in the west of Sichuan;the Paleozoic in nappe zones in the piedmont and the east of Daba Mountain is a potential area;the anticlines in the front of thrust zone in the piedmont of Daba Mountain are favorable for exploration;and the zone with complicated basin tectonics and petroleum distribution along the northwest of Xuefeng-Jiangnan nappe belt is worth further exploration.

RESEARCH ON THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITION SYSTEM IN YONGANZHEN DELTA, THE DONGYING SAG

Zhuang Li

2006, 28(6): 544-548. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606544

Abstract(665) PDF-CN(444)

Abstract:
Combining the theory of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy with the log-seismic data analysis,the framework of the strata sequence of E_s³—E_s² for the Yonganzhen Delta in the Dongying Sag was established.In general it is divided into four third-level and nine fourth-level sequences.The sedimentary system study shows that there are several deposition sources in Yonganzhen Delta,and the main deposition sources in the various periods are different.But the most important deposition source is from the Qingtuozi uplift in the east.The article gave a detail analysis on the two main sedimentary cycles of LSC4 and LSC3,consequently got the result of distribution characteristics and deposition sources.And the sedimentary system framework was established.In the end it is considered that the sand bodys in these two periods are the main oil and gas exploration targets.

THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN SEDIMENTARY FEATURES AND STRUCTURAL CONTROL IN THE CENTRAL TARIM AREA

Ma Mingxia, Chen Xinjun

2006, 28(6): 549-553. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606549

Abstract(777) PDF-CN(361)

Abstract:
In geological history,the geography transform and sediment environment evolvement of a basin is controlled by its structural characteristics and structural movement.This paper analyzed the sedimentation of the CambrianOrdovician based on the structural background of the central Tarim area,Tarim Basin.Its sedimentary facies are representative of stratification in vertical,which reflect the persistent rise process of sea level on the whole.The sedimentary facies gradually evolve upwards from evaporate platform,localized platform and widen platform to platform edge,shallow shelf,mixture shelf and slope facies in the main area of the Central Tarim Uplift.Moreover,the control actions of structurd movements to stratum sedimentation were discussed in this paper.Researches show that structure uplift to the development of hydrocarbon source rock,structure fractures to the features of overlaying stratum alion and structure palaeogeomorphology to stratum overlap sediment have differentation control actions.

RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION IN DEEPWATER AREA OF THE QIONGDONGNAN BASIN

Tao Weixiang, He Shibin, Zhao Zhigang, Ding Fang

2006, 28(6): 554-559. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606554

Abstract(1122) PDF-CN(352)

Abstract:
The Qiongdongnan Basin has undergone 3 stages of tectonic-sedimentary evolution,i.e.rift-ing,fault-depressing and depressing.There are 4 sedimentary systems which respectively develop 4 major types of reservoirs:a) the fan deltaic or littoral sandstone of Ling-III Member;b) the littoral facies sandstone of Sanya-Meishan Formations;c) the sandstone of lowstand system tract of Sanya-Yinghuang Formations;and d) the Miocene platform limestone of Meishan Formation.Spatially the reservoirs develop in 3 different zones,i.e.the northern shallow shelf zone developing deltaic and littoral facies sandstones,the central depression zone developing LST sand bodies,and the southern Yongle Uplift zone developing carbonate rocks.The deepwater area mainly covers the latter 2 zones.Due to the difference of controlling factors,each reservoir zone can be further divided into several areas,and each area may develop several reservoir-seal combinations.The Miocene platform limestone may be an important exploration reservoir in the southern Yongle Uplift.

GEOLOGIC SETTINGS AND POOL FORMING MODELS OF SUBTLE PETROLEUM ACCUMULATIONS IN MIDDLE-SMALL BASINS——A CASE STUDY OF THE NAPU SAG OF THE BOHAI BAY BASIN

Luo Qun, Li Fengbin, Huang H, ong

2006, 28(6): 560-565. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606560

Abstract(860) PDF-CN(424)

Abstract:
Uplifts connected with sags,syndepositional faults and synsedimentary folds and more unconformities have made middle-small basins more favorable for subtle oil pool formation in tectonic and geologic settings.There are kinds of slope break belts,i.e.the fault,the warp and the sedimentary ones in the Nanpu Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin,controlling types of subtle traps/pools,i.e.the thin out,the lenticular body,the fault-lithologic,the stratigraphic overlap,the unconformable barrier and the physical sealing ones.Subtle traps provide room for subtle pool formation.Migration systems connect oil sources and subtle traps.Hydrocarbon source rocks give birth to mature oil and gas.The above-mentioned 3 elements cooperate in time and space and result in the formation of subtle pools.The formation has experienced 3 stages,i.e.faults controlling slope break belts,slope break belts controlling subtle traps and source rock faults routing hydrocarbon into subtle traps to form subtle pools.

STUDY ON THE PETROLEUM RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE QIANGTANG BASIN, QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU

Qin Jianzhong

2006, 28(6): 566-573. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606566

Abstract(928) PDF-CN(395)

Abstract:
Combining researches on the hydrocarbon source rock sedimentary environment,organic facies,organic matter's maturation and hydrocarbon-generating history with the geologic conditions in the Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,it is considered that the Jurassic J₂b-J₂x play in the central Qiangtang Basin,especially in the central parts of the South and North Qiangtang Depression is the most favorable target for exploration of the large and middle light oil/gas field or condensate field.In this Jurassic J₂b-J₂x play,the abundance of organic matters in mud shale and limerock is relatively high,good hydrocarbon source rock develops,red algae organic facies and mixed organic facies are dominant,most of the hydrocarbon source rocks are hige-mature to over-mature,there are two hydrocarbon-generating processes,the quantities of hydrocarbons and lihgt oil/gas is large.The Triassic T₃x play in the center of Qiangtang Basin,especially in the center of the North Qiangtang Depression is the most favorable target for exploration of the large or super-large gas field.In this Triassic T₃x play,the abundance of organic matters in mud shale is high,good hydrocarbon source rock developed,red algae organic facies and mixed organic facies are dominant,hydrocarbon source rocks are over-mature,the total hydrocarbon-generating quantity is great.

DISTRIBUTION AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCKS IN THE JIAOLAI BASIN

Liu Hua, Li Ling, Wu Zhiping

2006, 28(6): 574-580. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606574

Abstract(654) PDF-CN(364)

Abstract:
Based on the data of field outcrops and wells in the Jiaolai Basin,the authors believed that the dark mudshales mainly developed in Shuinan Member of Laiyang Formation.Distribution characteristics of the dark mudshales in Jiaolai Basin were analyzed on the basis of measuration and exploration of field sections,combining with the seismic data and the study on sedimentary facies and paleocurrent orientations.Moreover,the abundance,types and maturity of the organic matters from the dark mudshales in Shuinan Member of Laiyang Formation,which are in different tectonic units of Jiaolai Basin,such as Laiyang Sag,Pingdu-Xiagezhuang Sag,Gaomi-Zhucheng Sag,were studied by means of several analysis methods.Study results show that hydrocarbon source rocks in Jiaolai Basin mainly developed in Laiyang Sag and Pingdu-Xiagezhuang Sag.The abundance of organic matter is higher and can come up to the standard of fairly good hydrocarbon source rocks or good hydrocarbon source rocks.Most of the organic matters are type Ⅰ to Ⅱ₁.The organic matter is in the evolution stage of maturation.So,the Laiyang Sag and Pingdu-Xiagezhuang Sag are the favorable exploration areas in the Jiaolai Basin.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT HYDROCARBON IN OIL SEEPING ROCKS IN THE HONGHUAYUAN FORMATION OF ORDOVICIAN, HOUBA, ZUNYI

Wang Jinyi, Gao Lin, Yao Junxiang, Wu Weiwen

2006, 28(6): 581-585. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606581

Abstract(744) PDF-CN(315)

Abstract:
Oil seepage and bitumen have been found in biocalcarenite in the Honghuayuan Formation of Ordovician in Houba,Zunyi.Gas/source rock and bitumen/source rock comparisons have indicated that,light hydrocarbon C₆₊₇ compositions in the Sinian,Cambrian and Ordovician productive formations are almost the same.Star maps of light hydrocarbon in Ordovician oil seeping limestone,Sinian mudstone and Cambrian bitumen sandstone are similar,which means that,oil seepages in the Honghuayuan Formation mainly come from over mature and high mature marine source rocks in the Lower Palaeozoic.Petroleum migrates for a long distance and is reserved in Ordovician.A set of special oil-bearing composition and an exploration field with the O₁h fossil weathered residuum reservoir as the target may exist.To the west of Xingwen-Xuyong,reservoir and cap formation are kept well in the Lower Palaeozoic.Accumulation may be found in proper tectonic traps.Light hydrocarbon C₆₊₇ compositions in Silurian and Permian are quite different from those in Sinian,Cambrian and Ordovician with incomparable star maps,indicating the differences between hydrocarbon generation parent and deposition environment.

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LIGHT-HYDROCARBON INDICATORS IN PETROLEUM GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION AND THE SURFACE EXPRESSIONS OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION

Xia Xianghua, Hu Kai, Qin Jianzhong, Ren Chun

2006, 28(6): 586-589. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606586

Abstract(815) PDF-CN(300)

Abstract:
Hydrocarbon gases exist in the forms of free gas,adsorbed gas,dessolved gas and gas-liquid inclusion in surface.Petroleum geochemical prospecting in Gujiazi and Houwujiahu gas field areas in the Shiwu Fault Depression in Southeastern Songliao Basin shows that the indicators of acid-digestion hydrocarbon,heat-release hydrocarbon and head-space gas are not correlative with each other.This means the hydrocarbons have different sources.The indicators of acid-digestion hydrocarbon,heat-release hydrocarbon and head-space gas contain abundant oil and gas information.The anomaly distributions of these hydrocarbon indicators are corresponding with the structures and gas fields in the study area.The correlation between gas field and surface hydrocarbon anomaly shows that it is the hydrocarbon vertically migrating to the surface from deep oil and gas accumulation that bring the hydrocarbon anomalies into existence in the surface.

MODEL EXPERIMENT STUDY OF FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ADJUSTED SUBTLE OIL-GAS RESERVOIRS——TAKING THE HINTERLAND IN JUNGGAR BASIN AS AN EXAMPLE

Shi Jiannan, Hao Fang, Zou Huayao, Zeng Jianhui, Li Pingping

2006, 28(6): 590-594. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606590

Abstract(698) PDF-CN(298)

Abstract:
In superimposed basins,such as hinterland of Junggar Basin,the formerly accumulated subtle reservoirs usually have undergone adjustment due to the stack of multiple-stage tectonic movements,generation and accumulation.Studying mainly control factors of adjustment for formerly accumulated reservoirs and understanding their re-distribution rules,which are a primary guaranty of petroleum exploration.2-D physical model experiment ideally recurred adjustment process and result of variously adjusted subtle oil-gas reservoirs.The following results have been obtained:1) Due to reservoirs adjustment,the oil saturation of reservoir depressed obviously for its fine physical property.Some reservoirs turned into water layers indeed;while,the oil saturation of the one for bad physical property depressed less.The characteristic of different remain or different migration has been presented;2) The complexion of formation and distribution of concordant and converse adjusted reservoirs exists some difference;3) The adjusted reservoirs are dispersed and small-area distribution,and their trap types are mainly stratigraphic and lithologic traps instead of structural traps.

A METHOD FOR FINE EVALUATION IN EXTRA-LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIRS USING LOGGING DATA

Song Ziqi, Cheng Guojian, Yang Lilei, Yu Xiaolong, Zhao Hongyu

2006, 28(6): 595-599. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606595

Abstract(725) PDF-CN(378)

Abstract:
Mud filtrate intrusion is weak in the extra-low permeability reservoirs Chang3 and Chang 4+5 in the BB Oil Filed,the Ordos Basin.The ordered arrangements of ML and DIL-MSFL which intuitively indicate hydrocarbon reservoir and water zone disappear.Micro-fractures in reservoir lead to the irregular enlargement of holes;hence the oil/gas composition has a smaller part in logging response.The difference is small between the productive low permeability reservoirs and the inefficient ones.Establishing the lowest limit of effective thickness,taking the formation resistivity as the geologic background,analyzing the core electrical characteristics and the relevant statistic criterion,the figure and effective oil/gas composition which affect the parameter variation in extra-low permeability reservoirs are identified by taking full advantage of logging data.Synthetically comparing the logging,geologic and oil-testing data,studying the ration statistics,deduction method and figure affection to log curves of calcic,argillan interbeds in reservoirs with different lithologic characteristics,with the latitude,difference and characteristics of ML log curves,the extra-low permeability reservoirs are finely evaluated and classified.The log interpretation and potential range prediction accuracy have been improved,providing dependable criteria for reservoir enlargement and outcome improvement in extra-low permeability oil fields.

STUDY ON SIMULATION OF BIOGENIC COALBED METHANE IN THE LOW COAL RANK BASINS IN NORTHWESTERN CHINA

Liu Honglin, Li Guizhong, Wang Hongyan, Yang Yong, Wang Bo, Liu Ping

2006, 28(6): 600-603. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606600

Abstract(814) PDF-CN(321)

Abstract:
During the past time,people thought that commercial coalbed methane gas existed in medium to high coal rank and the low rank coal was not worthy exploring for low gas content.But the cognition has changed now.Some coalbed methane gas fields were found in low coal rank basin such as Powder River Basin in America and Surat Basin in Australia.In these basins,the coal bed thickness is high and gas saturation is also high,thus being favorable to coalbed methane enriching.From the genesis of the coalbed methane in these basins,we can find that most of the coalbed methane was biogenic.In this paper,the authors have carried out coalbed methane enrichment experiment using low coal rank samples from Northwestern China.Experiment results testified that commercial biogenic gas possibly exist in the northwestern coal basins and it was favorable to exploring for high thickness and high resource concentration.

DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL PORE TEXTURE OF CAPROCK

Cheng Qiuquan, Chen Hongyu, Fan Ming, Wang Qiang, Chen Weijun

2006, 28(6): 604-608. doi: 10.11781/sysydz200606604

Abstract(906) PDF-CN(323)

Abstract:
Based on the results of mecury injection and gas absorption analytical methods of caprock,the complete pore diameter distribution diagram of caprock and the capillary pressure curve can be obtained.The breakthrough pressure of a rock sample can be calculated directly by the simulated test of gas driving saturated rock water.Research shows that the breakthrough saturation values are different in different rock types.The values are from 19% to 37% with average value being 26% in mudstone,limestone,dolomite,siltymudstone,etc.,and 41% to 49% with average value being 44% in fine sandstone,siltystone,muddy-conglomeratic sandstone,etc.Combining the capillary pressure curve,the pore diameter distribution diagram and the lithology of a rock sample,a reasonable saturation value can be determined.The capillary pressure value corresponding to the saturation can be approximately taken as the breakthrough pressure of the rock sample under the fomation conditions.

2006 Vol. 28, No. 6

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