石油实验地质

Property and origin of tight sandstones in Middle-Upper Ordovician, northeastern Tarim Basin

Zhao Xin, Chen Qianglu, Sun Yuan, Shi Zheng, Chen Yue

2012, 34(5): 466-473. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205466

Abstract(2013) PDF-CN(966)

Abstract:
In the northeastern Tarim Basin,a thick set of turbidite composed of sandstone,siltstone and mudstone (shale) was found in the Middle and Upper Ordovician,attracting more and more attentions for exploration.The reservoir property and origin of sandstones from the Querquek Formation were studied in detail through systematic sampling of Kuruktag outcrops.The sandstones from the Querquek Formation mainly included fine-grained arkose,lithic sandstone,debris feldspar and feldspathic lithic sandstone.The dissolved pores of feldspar particle and calcite cement worked as the main pore space,and the pore structure was mainly micro pore and throat.The average porosity was 1.72%,and the average permeability was 4.584×10^-3μm²,indicating extra-low porosity and extra-low permeability reservoir.The low compositional and mid-poor textural maturities of sandstone resulted from near source and rapid deposition were the inherent reasons for the formation of Querquek tight sandstone.The severe compaction resulted from ultra-compensation,the high content of plastic particle and the late weak dissolution were the important factors for poor physical property reservoir.The weak dissolution and fracturing did not improve the physical property of reservoir obviously,and were the important reasons for poor reservoir with low porosity and permeability.

Diagenesis of Yingcheng and Shahezi reservoirs in Shiwu Oil Field, Lishu Fault Depression, Songliao Basin

Wang Guoshou, Qiu Qi, Zhang Xinguo, Wang Dongyan, Wang Li, Lü Jianhong

2012, 34(5): 474-480. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205474

Abstract(2218) PDF-CN(949)

Abstract:
Analyses such as casting thin slice,SEM,mercury penetration,cathodeluminescence,X-ray diffraction and inclusion were made with core samples from the Shahezi and Yingcheng reservoirs in the Shiwu Oil Field,the Lishu Fault Depression,the Songliao Basin,by means of which the diagenesis,diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of the two reservoirs were studied.The diagenetic effects in the study area were mainly compaction,cementation,denudation and structural fragmentation,among which denudation and structural fragmentation were contributive for reservoir physical property while compaction and cementation were destructive.The major pore style of sandstone reservoir was the combination of primary intergranular pore,intergranular erosion expand pore (accounting for the largest part) and a few fractures.The diagenetic sequence of sandstone reservoir was established as followed:mechanical compression→overgrowth of quartz and feldspar→structural fragmentation→erosion of aluminosilicate such as feldspar→cementation of grainy calcite→oil injection in the early stage→fragmentation→the second period of erosion→cementation of intergrowth calcite→late hydrocarbon injection.In the study area,the main controlling factors for reservoir property were sedimentary environment,diagenetic effect,structural effect and petroleum charging.

Geochemical characteristics and accumulation conditions of crude oils in well Ba 1, Tanzhuang Sag, Southern North China Basin

Ni Chunhua, Xu Liangfa, Zhou Xiaojin, Yan Yongxin, Jiang Yongfu, Yang Fan

2012, 34(5): 481-485. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205481

Abstract(2212) PDF-CN(828)

Abstract:
The analysis of the biomarker compositional characteristics of crude oils from the Lower Cretaceous of the Tanzhuang Sag in the Southern North China Basin indicated for the Lower Cretaceous origin,and the reservoir was indigenously generated and accumulated.According to the simulation of burial and thermal evolution histories,there were at least two stages of hydrocarbon charging in the study area.The early stage was the Early Cretaceous and the late stage was from the Late Tertiary to Quaternary.The studies of accumulation conditions revealed that the Lower Cretaceous source rocks in the Tanzhuang Sag had good quality,strong sealing capacity and nice allocation of generation-migration-accumulation;however,the Lower Cretaceous sandstones with low porosity and permeability restricted petroleum exploration.High resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies studies were advised to predict favorable sandbodies.

Analysis of proved reserve parameters of Junggar Basin

Jing Aixia

2012, 34(5): 486-489. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205486

Abstract(1909) PDF-CN(969)

Abstract:
In the Junggar Basin,reserve types are complex,and reservoir properties are various.Through the studies of reserve parameter,reservoir property,crude oil property and recovery rate of different formations in the basin,combined with the analyses of porosity,permeability and oil volume factor,it has been proposed in this paper the reasonable parameters for reserve declaration in those areas with few research data in the basin.

Evaluation and study of recovery rate prediction method for newly-proved reserves

Wang Shuhua, Xu Jinghua

2012, 34(5): 490-494. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205490

Abstract(2264) PDF-CN(1400)

Abstract:
For the newly-proved reserves,dynamic methods are not qualified to predict recoverable quantity due to the lack of production data.The methods used most widely include analogy,empirical formula and empirical value methods.It is difficult and believed to be the technical key point to accurately predict recovery rate in review of the calculation of newly-proved and recoverable reserves.According to the current situations and problems of recovery rate prediction,it has been presented in this paper the merits and demerits of all kinds of methods for recovery prediction.The selection-order of these methods is from empirical value method (small field),analogy verification method (medium field),empirical formula method,comprehensive geological method to numerical modeling for further verification (big fields).The analogy series and empirical value standards applicable to the SINOPEC oil fields have been built,providing supports for the recovery rate prediction of newly-proved reserves.

Problem and countermeasure of reserve estimation and calculation of tight lithologic gas reservoir：A case study in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Daniudi Gas Field of Ordos Basin

Wang Daiguo

2012, 34(5): 495-498. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205495

Abstract(2265) PDF-CN(1115)

Abstract:
In the Daniudi Gas Field which locates in the north of the Ordos Basin,a set of complete marine tidal flat-inshore delta-terrestrial braided channel sediments has been found in the Upper Paleozoic.Influenced by severe diagenetic effects and sealed by regional cap rocks in the Upper Shihezi Formation,box-shaped gas reservoirs which were composed of multi-layered large-scale tight lithologic gas reserves were formed in the Upper Paleozoic.Production in multiple layers has enhanced single well productivity and improved economic benefit.In view of the geologic and productive features of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Daniudi Gas Field,an estimation method of longitudinal superposition and crosswise connection as well as an economic evaluation plan of longitudinal multiple zone production and crosswise flatten were proposed.The questions of low yielding rate and low economic benefit were solved,providing ways for the estimation and calculation of tight lithologic gas reserves.

Delineation of gas-bearing area of lithologic gas reservoir in organic beach reef：A case study in Changxing Formation, Yuanba Gas Field

Yin Zhengwu, Fan Rui, Chen Zuqing, Duan Jinbao, Deng Ping

2012, 34(5): 499-505. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205499

Abstract(2369) PDF-CN(1208)

Abstract:
The delineation of reservoir distribution in organic beach reef is significant for reserve estimation and exploitation.In Yuanba area,the organic beach reef in the Changxing Formation is buried over 6 000 m deep,and is featured by lateral deformation and strong heterogeneity.It is difficult to delineate reservoir distribution quantitatively by simple forecasting method.Based on sedimentary facies,the quantitative forecast of phase-controlled reservoir has been carried out with high accuracy.It describes the distribution feature and limit of organic beach reef.The returned ratio of evaluation wells is 100% and the available reservoir thickness is 20-70 m.The gas-bearing area in the Changxing Formation is 155.33 km²,and the gas-in-place is about 1 592.53×10⁸ m³.

Research and application of deducting method of interlayer thickness of hydrocarbon reservoir in SW area

Liu Zhixia, Wu Xiaolin

2012, 34(5): 506-509. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205506

Abstract(1872) PDF-CN(866)

Abstract:
In land facies detrital reservoirs,mudstones and silty mudstones with low resistance are very common,and sometimes thinner calcareous interlayers with high resistance are also found,resulting in strong nonhomogeneity.Those interlayers are oil free or not contributive to commercial oil and gas flows,hence should be deducted when calculating the effect thickness of reservoir.The deducting method of interlayer thickness has been studied based on micro-electric-log and Laterolog 8,improving the reliability of effective thickness calculation and reserve prediction.

Application of high resolution array induction logging in thin bed evaluation

Zhang Fei, Sun Peian, Zhang Le

2012, 34(5): 510-513. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205510

Abstract(1751) PDF-CN(882)

Abstract:
Severely influenced by surrounding rocks,it is difficult to obtain real logging response of thin bed by conventional logging curves.As the development of new logging techniques,high resolution array induction logging has been widely applied in field productions.It can precisely identify thin bed,define thickness,and distinguish oil/water layer.It takes obvious advantage of thin bed reserve evaluation,and has gained good application effects.

Reasons for differences of reserve estimation results between domestic and SEC rules：A case study of gas reservoir in 2nd section of Changxing Formation, well Yuanba 103H

Liu Yun, Zhang Guisheng, Ma Limei

2012, 34(5): 514-517. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205514

Abstract(1992) PDF-CN(1024)

Abstract:
Three main petroleum companies in our country have successfully come into the SEC in succession since 2000,and the reserve estimations on oversea market have been made based on SEC rules.The differences of reserve estimation concept,classification and purpose lead to the differences of estimation results between domestic and SEC rules.A case study of gas reservoir has been carried out in the 2nd section of the Changxing Formation,well Yuanba 103H.The determination of gas-bearing area and effective thickness based on domestic and SEC rules has been compared.

Economic factors of SEC reserve evaluation in Henan Oil Field

Li Xianlu, Long Weijiang, Yu Xiaohong, Yang Fei, Yu Qiang, Liu Junhong

2012, 34(5): 518-521. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205518

Abstract(1709) PDF-CN(883)

Abstract:
According to the new SEC rules,reserve concept has been changed from the original geological reserves to remaining recoverable reserves accompanied with the market economy built and completed,especially after the Sinopec listed successfully overseas.Economic factors play an important role during SEC reserve evaluation process.The study analyzes all kinds of economic factors in the reserve evaluations of the Henan Oil Field.Understanding the influence of economic factors in SEC reserve evaluation has a predictive significance on reserve evaluation.

Parameters of index diminishing method in SEC standard evaluation of oil and gas reserves

Liu Lin, Jin Zhongkang, Pan Xuefeng

2012, 34(5): 522-526. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205522

Abstract(1951) PDF-CN(920)

Abstract:
Using single factor analysis method,the Arps diminishing curve equation of the index diminishing method in the SEC standard evaluation of oil and gas reserves was studied.The main controlling factors for reserve evaluation were classified into 2 types,the reservoir ones and the economic ones.Several mathematical equations between the controlling factors and the SEC reserves were established.In this way,the influencing laws and degrees of the controlling factors on the SEC reserves were determined quantitatively.The evaluation results were improved by adjusting the quantitative relationship among the controlling factors.The investment for new petroleum exploration blocks was reduced and the SEC oil and gas reserve substitution rate was stabilized.

Potential research of SEC static reserves about Jiangsu Oil Field

Deng Ci, Chen Tongfei, Liu Zhixia, Jiang Aming, Jin Baolin, Li Qiuzheng, Zhang Fei

2012, 34(5): 527-530. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205527

Abstract(2753) PDF-CN(879)

Abstract:
The SEC reserves rules are criteria and rules of oil and gas reserves established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States.The increasing and decreasing of reserves and the information disclosure directly affect the potential for oil companies in the United States to the next stage of development.It was discussed in this article the composition,source and multi-parameter factors of the annual new-added reserves and the SEC reserves in the Jiangsu Oil Field since the 9th Five-Year Plan.The relationship between the domestic annual added static reserves and the SEC reserves were studied,and their distribution trend and potential in the future were analyzed.This research provided the scale and situation of the SEC static reserves of the Jiangsu Oil Field in the 12th Five-Year Plan,which was the basement for accomplishing the task of annual SEC static reserves,and also showed guiding significance to oil companies for the next exploration and development investment.

Application of diminishing curve method in SEC standard evaluation of oil and gas reserves：A case study in Wangji Oil Field

Xue Guoqin, Yu Qiang, Zhao Chuangye, Wang Mingfang, Li Hui, Yu Xiaohong

2012, 34(5): 531-534. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205531

Abstract(2114) PDF-CN(1047)

Abstract:
In the evaluation of proved developed reserves of SEC,the diminishing curve method was commonly used to judge the remaining economic recoverable reserves during the middle and late periods of oil field exploration.A case study was carried out in the Wangji Oil Field and proved that proper curve type and diminishing rate should be chosen based on the present exploration principle and stage.In this way,evaluation results will be more objective and accurate.

Lower limit for physical property of effective reservoir in Changxing Formation, Yuanba Gas Field

Feng Minggang, Yan Li, Wang Xueling, Tian Yu, Wang Kun, Cheng Sijie

2012, 34(5): 535-538. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205535

Abstract(2022) PDF-CN(1085)

Abstract:
The carbonate gas reservoirs of the Changxing Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field are characterized by complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity.A comprehensive study has been taken through test,experimental analysis and experience statistical method for the lower limit of effective porosity of the Changxing Formation.The research result shows that the lower limit of effective porosity is 2.0%.The first stage of proven reserves has been calculated on this basis.

Research and application of logging interpretation of oil-water layer in Xiaermen deep reservoir

Xi Taotao, Xue Guoqin, Wan Li, Li Bo, Wang Mingfang, Zhao Chuangye

2012, 34(5): 539-542. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205539

Abstract(1640) PDF-CN(872)

Abstract:
Based on the latest cracking data from the Xiaermen deep reservoir,it was discussed in this paper the lithology,physical property,oil-bearing capacity,electric property and oil-water identification method in the study area.A new identification standard for oil,water and dry layers was proposed.47 wells in the Xiaermen deep reservoir were reviewed,and several potential layers were found.Industrial oil flows were discovered by cracking in two wells,achieving good economic benefits.

Application of fine logging interpretation in reserve calculation, Puguang Gas Field

Qian Qin, Feng Minggang, Peng Jin, Li Shurong, Wang Yan

2012, 34(5): 543-548. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205543

Abstract(2597) PDF-CN(870)

Abstract:
The mineral composition and porosity interpreted by conventional logging are obviously different from core analysis,hence are not qualified for reserve prediction.In view of this,it is very important to carry out fine logging interpretation.A core hole in the Puguang Gas Field was chosen as the key to study the error between core and logging analysis.Mineral composition was calculated from PE curves and other logging data.Based on CNL and DEN as well as proper programming,porosity was calculated.New software to process the logging data from the Puguang Gas Field was made.The precision of logging interpretation was improved obviously,which backed up for the parameter research and reserve demonstration in the Puguang Gas Field.

Application of accuracy logging interpretation in FMN oil field reserve evaluation

Wu Xiaolin, Liu Zhixia, Deng Ci

2012, 34(5): 549-553. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205549

Abstract(1981) PDF-CN(960)

Abstract:
In the FMN oil fields of the Northern Jiangsu Basin,small fault blocks are in large quantity.The oil-bearing intervals in production wells are very long and the oil zones are narrow.There are many oil-bearing formations.In the 1st section (E₂s¹) of the Sanduo Formation as well as the 2nd (E₂d²) and the 1st (E₂d¹) sections of the Dainan Formation,oil reserves have been found,and physical properties decrease with obvious vertical variance from E₂s¹,E₂d² to E₂d¹.Oil and water relationship is complicated.The electric properties of oil-bearing series are different.In view of the difficulties of oil,water,and dry layers identification in the FMN oil fields,the relationship between reservoir properties has been studied based on the data of core,logging,well-testing and production.Combined with the physical and electric features of reservoir,the physical and electric identification criteria for oil,water and dry layers has been established.The criteria has been applied in exploration and proved effective.

Identification of oil reserves in Taizhou Formation, Haian Sag, Northern Jiangsu Basin

Zhao Gaopan

2012, 34(5): 554-558. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201205554

Abstract(1919) PDF-CN(971)

Abstract:
In the 1980s,petroleum explorations started in the Haian Sag of the Northern Jiangsu Basin,sporadically discovering several oil-bearing fault blocks.Due to long time span and dispersed data,there was no unified identification method for oil reserves.Based on the studies of reservoir properties,combined with the data from coring drilling,logging,well completing testing and production testing,the method for reserve identification was proposed in this paper,making the identification for oil and water formations more accurate.The method was applied in several recently discovered oil-bearing fault blocks in the Haian Sag,and was proved an effective method for logging interpretation of petroleum exploration and development.Meanwhile,it could guide oil testing works in the future.

2012 Vol. 34, No. 5

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