石油实验地质

2010, 32(5)

Abstract(1242) PDF-CN(902)

Abstract:

ON STUDY OF PALEO-OCEANOLOGY IN OROGENIC BELTS

Gao Changlin, Huang Zeguang, Lu Yongde

2010, 32(5): 409-414. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005409

Abstract(2070) PDF-CN(794)

Abstract:
It was indicated that study of paleo-oceanology in orogenic belt would be a new domain according to the studying results of modern orogenic belt.There are 6 parts in the study of paleo-oceanology,i.e.(1)geological-geochemistry of paleo-oceanic crust(ophiolite suite)in orogenic belt;(2)the tectonic setting of the silicalites formed in orogenic belt and its both sides;(3)paleogeography in orogenic belt;(4)formative sequence of basins in the both sides of the paleo-ocean;(5)distribution of ore deposits and their relation to the paleo-ocean;and(6)mapping of basin prototypes for every tectonic stage.It is not only important to the study of orogenic belts,but also to exploration of marine petroleum resources,sedimentary mineral deposits and stratabound ore deposits.

COMPREHENSIVE RESERVOIR EVALUATION OF CHANG-6 OIL-BEARING LAYERS IN MIDWEST ORDOS BASIN

Cheng Qigui, Guo Shaobin, Wang Haihong, Wang Chengyu, Liang Xiaowei

2010, 32(5): 415-419. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005415

Abstract(3099) PDF-CN(971)

Abstract:
The Grey System Theory is applied on reservoir evaluation.Firstly,the pedigree cluster analysis is used to choose relatively independent parameters.For reservoir evaluation,6 parameters,including thickness of sandstone,ratio of sand body,shale content,variation coefficient,porosity and permeability,are selected from 9 parameters of reservoir.At the meantime,the Grey System Theory correlation analysis is applied to confirm various weight coefficients.Based on the calculation of reservoir comprehensive evaluating values,critical point analysis is used to determine the threshold value of comprehensive reservoir evaluation.The comprehensive reservoir quantitative evaluation is conducted on Chang-6 oil-bearing layers in the Midwest Ordos Basin.The submersed distributary channel sand bodies of delta front are mainly Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ,and the submersed distributary channel wings are mainly Type Ⅲ.

ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER PALAEOZOIC SEQUENCE OF THE SOUTHERN NORTH CHINA BASIN

Zhou Xiaojin

2010, 32(5): 420-427. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005420

Abstract(1637) PDF-CN(856)

Abstract:
The coal-bearing strata of Carboniferous—Permian of Upper Palaeozoic is a set of good source rock in the Southern North China Basin.However,up to now any great exploration breakthrough has not been achieved.Based on analysis of effective source rock and hydrocarbon preservation,starting from the key factors of controlling hydrocarbon accumulation of Upper Palaeozoic,the important recognition on the hydrocarbon-generation evolution and hydrocarbon preservation condition of main sags has been gained in this paper.Three viewpoints by research are as follows.There is advantaged condition of secondary hydrocarbon generation in the Southern North China and the source rock can produce oil and gas.Taikang Uplift,Luyi Sag and Tanzhuang—Shenqiu Sag had secondary-hydrocarbon condition in Mid Late Yanshanian Period,but there is secondary hydrocarbon in Late Himalayan Period in Niqiuji Sag,which is the focus of looking for the hydrocarbon accumulations that hydrocarbon generated late and reservoir formed late.The modern deep sags are the main hydrocarbon-generation areas and they have advantages condition of hydrocarbon preservation in the Southern North China Basin.

THE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTER AND OVERLAPPING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URANIUM AND HEAVY CRUDE OIL IN CHEPAIZI UPLIFT OF THE JUNGGAR BASIN

Yu Qixiang, Wang Jinyi, Lu Qinghua, Cao Qian

2010, 32(5): 428-433. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005428

Abstract(2175) PDF-CN(1029)

Abstract:
Chepaizi Uplift,a successive Hercynian paleo-uplift,is located in the western margin of the Junggar Basin,and it is a slope leaning to southeast.Quaternary,Dushanzi Formation,Taxihe Formation and Shawan Formation of Neogene,Anjihaihe Formation of Paleocene,Tugulu Group of Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic sedimentary overlap the Carboniferous volcanic rock.Through the analysis of the well drill data,log data and well test,a couple layers of uranium bearing sandstone are found,with the feature of high GR value,high GRSL value and low KTH value which are caused by high uranium content and mainly distribute in the sandstone and conglomerate in Shawan Formation and Taxihe formation,also in the sandstone in Tugulu Group,while heavy crude oil distributes in Jurassic,Tugulu Group and Shawan Formation.Uranium bearing sandstone mainly overlays the heavy crude oil reservoir,which is intently related to the groundwater character,and they distribute horizontally along Wells P1-P103-P602-P7-P2.

BURIAL KARST CHARACTERISTICS OF ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE RESERVOIRS IN CENTRAL TARIM BASIN

Ma Hongqiang, Wang Shuyi, Yong Hong, Chen Qianglu, Jiang Haijian, Wang Bin, Li Huili, Sha Xuguang

2010, 32(5): 434-441. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005434

Abstract(2172) PDF-CN(1000)

Abstract:
Various types of karstification effects have developed in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs of the central Tarim Basin.The deep burial and hydrothermal Karstification effects play important roles in favorable reservoir formation.Analyses of well cores,logging data and geological background have indicated that,there are mainly 4 stages of burial Karstification effects in the area.The pores in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ have been filled.The residual pores in stage Ⅲ and the corrosion pores in stage Ⅳ work as effective reservoir space for present reservoirs.The main fluid medium include organic acid and CO₂ generated during organic evolution.H₂S may contribute to late reservoir formation.Hydrothermal Karstification is effective to Ordovician reservoir transformation.The influence and evaluation still require further research.

THE PROTOTYPE BASIN OF CAMBRIAN ZHANGXIA PERIOD AND OIL—GAS EXPLORATION PROSPECT IN THE ORDOS BASIN

Deng Kun, Zhang Shaonan, Zhou Lifa, Ding Xiaoqi

2010, 32(5): 442-446. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005442

Abstract(3219) PDF-CN(937)

Abstract:
The substantially distributed Middle Cambrian oolitic limestone and oolitic dolomite in Ordos Basin are potential targets for petroleum and gas explorations.The appearance of alternative pattern of depressions and uplifts of Zhangxia Stage,together with the north—south trending of central paleouplift actually played the role of separating the Qilian Sea on the west margin of Ordos Basin and the Qinling Sea on the south margin of Ordos Basin.The Zhangxia Formation is composed mainly of complex oolitic structures with dolomitization and burial erosion as major diagenetic processes.The Zhangxia Formation is predominately low porosity and low permeability carbonate reservoirs.The reservoir capacity,cap assemblage and tectonic setting are among those favorable conditions for the preservation of petroleum or gas while the poorly developed source rock for hydrocarbon in Cambrian was the disadvantage of further exploration.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FRACTURE RESERVOIR OF ORDOVICIAN YIJIANFANG FORMATION IN S108 AREA OF TAHE OILFIELD, TARIM BASIN

Liang Jiwei, Li Zongjie, Liu Haowei, Li wei, Yun Lu

2010, 32(5): 447-452. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005447

Abstract(3718) PDF-CN(1042)

Abstract:
The Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the S108 area of the Tahe Oil Field of the Tarim Basin is carbonate fracture reservoir.Based on drilling,logging,core description,FMI and well log,fractures have been identified.The fractures in the area include structural,dissolution and subtractive original ones,among which the structural ones constitute the main portion of fracture network.Fracture evolution has experienced 3 stages: the Early Hercynian,the Late Hercynian,and the Indosinian—Yanshanian.The most important stage is the Late Hercynian.Thanks to 3-dimensional seismic data,with amplitude change rate,coherent body analysis and impedance inversion technique,fracture zone of the Yijianfang Formation in the S108 area has been predicted.The fracture distribution is very uneven.Horizontally,fractures controlled by regional fault mainly locate in the northern S108 area.Vertically,fractures concentrate 50 m below the top of the Yijianfang Formation,and decrease downwards.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYDROGEOLOGY FEATURES AND HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION IN WUERXUN SAG, HAILAER BASIN

Zhang Qiu, Nie Zhiyang, Tan Zhiwei, Zhang Zuoxiang, Liu Fengxia

2010, 32(5): 453-458. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005453

Abstract(2469) PDF-CN(916)

Abstract:
Groundwater is an important carrier of hydrocarbon migration in sedimentary basins.Hydrogeological characteristics can control or influence reservoir boundary.On the basis of classifying water-bearing rock series,combining hydrodynamic field with hydrochemical field,the hydrogeological conditions of main water-bearing rock series have been studied in the Wuerxun Sag of the Hailaer Basin.It is divided into 3 different types of hydrogeological zones: a)actively alternating—oxidation zone,which is highly open and is unfavorable for oil and gas accumulation;b)slowly alternating—weak reduction zone,which is more favorable for reservoir formation;c)alternation blocked—reduction zone,which is closed in high degree and is conducive for reservoir formation,hence is the most favorable target area for exploration.

ACCUMULATION CONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF COAL-DERIVED HYDROCARBON OF CARBONIFEROUS-PERMIAN IN NORTHERN JIZHONG DEPRESSION, BOHAI BAY BASIN

Zhao Xianzheng, Jin Qiang, Zhang Liang, Liang Hongbin, Jin Fengming

2010, 32(5): 459-464. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005459

Abstract(5450) PDF-CN(957)

Abstract:
Suqiao—Wenan is the first area in the Bohai Bay Basin where coal-derived hydrocarbon of the Carboniferous—Permian is found.New discoveries have been made till now.In order to clarify accumulation rules of hydrocarbon from the Carboniferous—Permian in the research area,analyses of accumulation background such as secondary hydrocarbon generation of coal source rocks have been made.3 accumulation models have been concluded: 1)self-generation and self-accumulation model of the Carboniferous—Permian;2)P_z₂ generation and P_z₁ accumulation model in buried hills;3)P_z₂ generation and Paleogene accumulation model.Oil generation window in 3 500—5 000 m interval of the Carboniferous—Permian is the key factor for the 1st model.The Ordovician buried hills contacting with the Carboniferous—Permian source kitchen by faults over 300 m wide are the key factors for the 2nd model.Active faults communicating reservoirs with source kitchen control the 3rd model.3 favorable zones are pointed out for further exploration.

GEOLOGICAL FACTORS AND PROCESS IN ENRICHMENT AND HIGH PRODUCTION OF SHALE GAS

Fan Changyu, Wang Zhenliang

2010, 32(5): 465-469. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005465

Abstract(3598) PDF-CN(1276)

Abstract:
Based on referring to a large number of Chinese and foreign literatures,considering the peculiarity of shale gas reservoir and combining with the horizontal comparison with other shale gas reservoir,this paper focuses on analyzing and summarizing the geological factors in enrichment and high production of the Mississippian Barnett shale gas in the Fort Worth Basin of United States.Finally,the related conceptual model of geological process is proposed in order to offer a little inspiration for the assessment,the exploration and the development of Chinese shale gas,which will come.By the analysis of the influential factors,it is concluded that the thermal maturity,the factors which exist?in shale and make it fractured more easily and the validity matching of the two aspects are the most important factors that determine the enrichment and high production of shale gas.The geological process can be summarized into three stages: the first stage is that organic matter is in low maturity,micro-fractures are opened and biogenic gas is effusion;the second stage is that organic matter is in high maturity,micro-fractures are cemented and the cracked gas is enrichment;the third stage is that micro-fractures are reopened and the shale gas is highly produced under hydraulic fracturing.

GENESIS OF ORDOVICIAN MATRIX-POROSITY DOLOMITE RESERVOIR IN THE TARIM BASIN

Zhang Jing, Luo Ping

2010, 32(5): 470-474. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005470

Abstract(3005) PDF-CN(900)

Abstract:
There is a large quantity of deeply buried dolomite with well-developed matrix porosity in the Lower Ordovician of the Tarim Basin which can be quality reservoir.The development of this kind of dolomite is facies-controlled and the initial rock is grainstone of grain bank facies,according to the analyses of cores,thin sections and cathodeluminescence.The dolomite formed under burial condition which is the product of burial dolomitization,based on the study of petrology,trace element,degree of order and homogenization temperature of the dolomite.It is predicted from the trace element,rare earth element and Sr isotope that the dolomitizing fluid is modified seawater which may be related to Mg²⁺-bearing seawater in Cambrian evaporative platform.Permian volcanic activity is supposed to be the driving force of dolomitization over the entire platform and the burial dolomite in the Lower Ordovician formed by means of the replacement of overlying limestone by underlying Mg²⁺-bearing seawater in Cambrian evaporative platform through thermal convection.

NEOGENE PETROLEUM SOURCE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF PALEOGENE HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCK IN THE RAOYANG SAG, BOHAI BAY BASIN

Yi Shiwei, Jiang Youlu, Fan Bingda, Xu Haoqing, Zheng Ronghua

2010, 32(5): 475-479. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005475

Abstract(3593) PDF-CN(940)

Abstract:
There are two source rock beds,the lower E_s1 and E_s3 Formation,in Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin.The deposition center of the Raoyang Sag was moved from southeast to northwest during the Paleogene.Based on saturated hydrocarbons chromatography and chromatography—mass spectrometry analysis of crude oil and source rocks,the relationship between Neogene crude oil and Paleogene source rocks was studied in the Raoyang Sag.Research has shown that Neogene oil in the Raoyang Sag mainly came from the lower E_s1 source rocks,with the character of the nearest transportation.Affected by the distribution of source rocks,maturity and structure,Neogene oil mainly came from lower E_s1 source rocks in the near oil-generating trough.In Wuqiang—Yangwuzhai area,hydrocarbon source rocks are not in oil-generating stage,Neogene oil mainly came from special lithologic section of the upper E_s3.Besides,there is a phenomenon of mixed-source oil in Maxi area,Neogene oil mainly came from the lower E_s1 in Maxi trough,and some came from the upper E_s3 source rocks.

STUDY ON THE BIOMARKERS OF ASPHALTENE INCLUSIONS IN SEVERELY BIODEGRADED THICK OILS

Wu Yingqin, Xia Yanqing, Wang Yongli, Lei Tianzhu, Chang Jiang, Wang Youxiao

2010, 32(5): 480-483. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005480

Abstract(2674) PDF-CN(900)

Abstract:
The analysis on soluble organic matters from the crude oils of the Gudao Oilfield showed that the severe biodegradation have been taken place,and some biomarkers are not used to make oil—oil correlation and oil—source correlation.The ultrasonic wave technology was used to extract biomarkers from the asphaltene inclusions of the crude oils which are not susceptible to be biodegraded and compared with crude oils.The results showed that the steranes and terpanes of the asphaltene inclusions and the crude oil are very similar.Especially,the distributions of C₂₇,C₂₈,C₂₉ steranes are all "L" shaped in the crude oils and the asphaltene inclusions.Hence,the technology of extraction of asphaltene inclusions by ultrasonic wave can be successively applied to make oil—oil correlation and oil—source correlation of severely biodegraded crude oils.

EVOLUTION HISTORY FROM ANCIENT OIL RESERVOIR TO ANCIENT GAS RESERVOIR IN CARBONIFEROUS, EAST SICHUAN

Xu Liheng, Lu Shuangfang, Chen Jianfa

2010, 32(5): 484-486. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005484

Abstract(2599) PDF-CN(843)

Abstract:
Bashed on high pressure thermal simulation experiment,using kinetics method,the oil-generation period of Carboniferous in the east Sichuan and the oil-cracking gas quantity are calculated.The evolution history from ancient oil reservoir to ancient gas reservoir is studied.Combined with the Carboniferous inclusions homogenization temperature data of predecessors,according to the matching principle of hydrocarbon-generation period and injection period,the reliability of the calculation result is validated.Studies have indicated that,the ancient oil reservoir begins to crack into gas about 200 Ma ago(the Late Triassic)and continues till 135 Ma ago(the Early Cretaceous),which matches with the formation period(187—140 Ma)of the 3rd period inclusions of oil-cracking gas period.

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN SANDSTONE OF LOWER SILURIAN XIAOHEBA FORMATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN SICHUAN—WESTERN HUNAN

Wang Guoru, Chen Hongde, Zhu Zhijun, Lin Liangbiao, Fan Yu

2010, 32(5): 487-495. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005487

Abstract(1968) PDF-CN(1182)

Abstract:
By means of ICP—MS,thirty seven sandstone samples of Xiaoheba Formation have been tested,and their rare earth elements and volume of relative associated trace elements have been analyzed.It indicates that total rare earth elements are higher.LREE/HREE and L_aN/Yb_N show that differentiations between LREE and HREE are obvious;LREE is abundant,while HREE is defective.LREE is obviously rightward heeling,while HREE is even,and Eu is obviously negative anomaly,while Ce is normal.According to characteristics of Ce_anom,seawater was in an anoxic environment,while it was an oxidizing environment near the Qianzhong uplift.The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements indicate that the provenance came from active uplifted continental margin.Research results of predecessors suggested that the provenance came from the west wing of Xuefengshan uplift in a line of Guzhang,Zhijiang,Yuanling,Huaihua area,also involved basic rocks,ultrabasic rocks,basic—intermediate effusive rocks of Neoproterozoic Banxi Group.Banxi Group also appear in Changde,Taoyuan,Anhua area.

MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF RESIDUAL OIL TO METHANE EXTENDED PERIOD OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTION

Huang Haiping, Steve Larter

2010, 32(5): 496-503. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005496

Abstract(1997) PDF-CN(920)

Abstract:
After secondary or even tertiary recovery,a significant portion of petroleum remains in the reservoir.A novel approach to this problem is the bioconversion of hydrocarbons entrained in marginally producing fields and/or depleted reservoirs to methane.Data from numerous laboratory experiments and filed observations show that residual oil could be transformed to biogenic methane by an anaerobic consortium.This suggests the possibility of new methane generation from existing residual oil deposits in-situ and in real time to form a renewable source of natural gas.Other than viable methanogenic microbes present in the system,various evidences of methanogenesis can be derived from light isotopic methane,heavy isotopic carbon dioxide and heavy isotopic inorganic dissolved carbon,biodegraded wet gas and compositional gradients within oil column.Methods of stimulating secondary biogenic methane generation involve the introduction of hydrogen and nutrients,including nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium compounds,into reservoirs,modification of the formation environment based on geological and geochemical analysis and removal of intermediate metabolite products.The varied geology,aqueous che-mistry and microbiology of different production sites will most likely demand site-specific strategies.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MULTI-SCALE REACTION BETWEEN ACID AND ROCK IN ACID FRACTURING

Li Xiaogang, Yang Zhaozhong, Su Jianzheng, Yang Yuhang

2010, 32(5): 504-508. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005504

Abstract(3097) PDF-CN(931)

Abstract:
Most of previous researches about acid/rock reaction are single scale and lack of multi-scale investigations.With orthogonal experiment method,nine acid erosion experiments of limestone particles,obtained from Changxing Formation of Permian in Sichuan Province,were designed and carried out.From the experiments result,it is discussed that the macroscopical reaction rate and mesoscopic reaction mechanism,which are influenced by four factors such as main acid concentration,temperature,reaction duration and acid type.The macroscopical reaction rate is most greatly affected by acid type,which is followed by main acid concentration.The rock mesoscopic structures observed by scanning electron microscope,such as pores,fractures and surfaces patterns,may be variously changed by acid erosion.In other words,there are various mesoscopic erosion mechanisms of carbonate rock."communicating fractures and expanding pore throat",summarized by previous researchers,is only a special case of mesoscopic erosion mechanism of limestone.When it comes to the relationship of different scale reaction properties,there is no obvious correlation between macroscopical reaction rate and mesoscopic reaction mechanism.

STUDY OF EOR BY GAS INJECTION IN BURIED HILL RESERVOIRS CONSISTING OF FRACTURED METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Du Jianfen, Li Jiayan, Guo Ping, Yang Suyun

2010, 32(5): 509-512. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005509

Abstract(2623) PDF-CN(804)

Abstract:
There is a fractured metamorphic rock and buried hill reservoir,complex in lithology,high oil rate,highly heterogeneous and affected by the fracture,so has little experience.In order to maintain high and stable yield,a reasonable artificial-energy supplementary way is to be used.There is an urgent need to study the feasibility of EOR by gas injection.Under the condition of formation temperature 108.5 ℃ and pressure 34.47MPa,the seam core manufacturing technology to build a natural seam is used to develop long core test,which include top longitudinal gas drive,vertical bottom of water flooding and horizontal depletion.According to laboratory findings,gas drive has the highest displacement efficiency 73.88%,followed by depletion,its efficiency is 56.01%,and the third one is water flooding,its efficiency is just 54.65%.It is obvious that this reservoir is more suitable for the top of associated gas drive or dry-gas drive.

THE STUDY ON BIOMARKERS SEPARATION AND ITS CSIA BY MOY MOLECULAR SIEVE

Wang Huitong, Wei Caiyun, Zhang Shuichang, Zhang Dajiang, Wang Hui

2010, 32(5): 513-516. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005513

Abstract(2305) PDF-CN(916)

Abstract:
This paper investigated the column chromatography separation of biomarkers in saturated hydrocarbons by Chinese MOY molecular sieve,the results show that gammarance,steranes and β-carotane can be eluted from the column filled with MOY sieve in which n-alkanes was removed from saturated hydrocarbon.It was demonstrated that gammarance,steranes and β-carotane could be enriched,but hopanes was lost.The results of compound specific isotope analysis(CSIA)shows that there were no compounds isotopic fractionation phenomena occurred during separation.The stable carbon isotope analysis results of gammarance and β-carotane were good,while the stable carbon isotope ana-lysis results of steranes were not ideal due to its relatively high baseline.

THE DISCUSSION ABOUT HOW TO OBTAIN THE KEY PARAMETERS OF GENERALIZED PARETO DISTRIBUTION

Xu Zhongmei, Jin Zhijun, Sun Hongjun, Xu Jingxin

2010, 32(5): 517-520. doi: 10.11781/sysydz201005517

Abstract(1775) PDF-CN(842)

Abstract:
Generalized Pareto is an important method of resource assessment,this method is widely used in forecasting the total quantitative and structure of resource by calculating the number and scale of reservoir.How to obtain four key parameters is important in this method:q₀(minimum pool size)、q_max(maximum pool size)、r(median oil and gas pool size)、λ(distribution parameter).For low degree of exploration areas,because resource abundance and the maximum reservoir size uncertain,the key parameter is difficult ascertain by the conventional method.According to this,auther discussed how to obtain the four key parameters and deduced the formula,this is important to further application of this method.

2010 Vol. 32, No. 5

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